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Contributions
Any additions to the list below should be e-mailed to the moderator for inclusion. If
this list is useful to you, please return the favour by contributing
material!
Thanks to Dr Marcela Panizza, Jan Nilsson, Dr Paolo Ravazzani, Jarmo Ruohonen, Risto J.
Ilmoniemi and Dr Leonardo Cohen for their contributions to this section.
Introductory
- Belmaker RH. Transcranial magnetic stimulation - a potential new frontier in psychiatry.
Biol Psychiatry 1995;38:419-421.
- Concar D. Happiness is a magnet. New Scientist 1995;1989:24-29.
- Hallett M, Cohen LG. Magnetism: a new method for stimulation of nerve and brain. JAMA
1989;262:538-41.
- Kirkcaldie MTK, Pridmore SA. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry. Open Mind
1996;14:7-8.
General reference
- Barker AT, Freeston IL, et al. Magnetic stimulation of the human brain and peripheral
nervous system: an introduction and the results of an initial clinical evaluation.
Neurosurgery 1987;20:100-109.
- Barker AT, Jalinous R, Freeston IL. Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor
cortex. Lancet 1985;1:1106-1107.
- Barker AT. An introduction to the basic principles of magnetic nerve stimulation. J Clin
Neurophysiol 1991;8:26-37.
- Brasil-Neto JP, Cohen LG, Panizza M, Nilsson J, Roth BJ, Hallett M. Optimal focal
transcranial magnetic activation of the human motor cortex: effects of coil orientation,
shape of the induced current pulse, and stimulus intensity. J Clin Neurophysiol
1992;9:132-136.
- Brasil-Neto J, Cohen LG, Pascual-Leone A, Jabir FK, Wall RT, Hallett M. Rapid reversible
reorganization in human motor system following transient deafferentation. Neurology
1992;42:1302-1306.
- Brasil-Neto JP, Pascual-Leone A, et al. Post-exercise depression of motor evoked
potentials: a measure of central nervous system fatigue. Neurology 1993;43:1010S,A421.
- Cadwell J. Principles of magnetoelectric stimulation. In Chokroverty S (Ed), Magnetic
Stimulation in Clinical Neurophysiology. Boston: Butterworth;1989:13-32.
- Cammarota A, Brasil-Neto J, et al. Differential inhibitory properties of transcranial
magnetic, transcranial electric and percutaneous electric brainstem stimulation. Neurology
1993;43: 423P,A261.
- Claus D, Murray NMF, et al. The influence of stimulus type on the magnetic excitation of
nerve structure. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1990;75:342-349.
- Cohen LG, Roth B, Nilsson J, Dang N, Panizza M, Bandinelli S, Friauf W, Hallett M.
Effects of coil design on delivery of focal magnetic stimulation: technical
considerations. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1990;75:350-357.
- Counter SA. Auditory brainstem and cortical responses following extensive transcranial
magnetic stimulation. J Neurol Sci 1994;124:163-70.
- Cracco RQ, Amassian VE, et al. Excitatory and inhibitory effects of magnetic coil
stimulation of human cortex. New Trends and Advanced Techniques in Clinical
Neurophysiology (EEG Suppl) 1990;134-139.
- Cracco RQ. Evaluation of conduction in central motor pathways: techniques,
pathophysiology, and clinical interpretation. Neurosurgery 1987;20:199-203.
- Frisardi G, Ravazzani P, Tognola G, Grandori F. Electric versus magnetic transcranial
stimulation of the trigeminal system in healthy subjects: clinical applications in
gnathology. J Oral Rehab (in press).
- Grandori F, Ravazzani P. Magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex: theoretical
considerations. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1991;38:180-191.
- Hallett M, Cohen LG, Nilsson J, Panizza M. Differences between electrical and magnetic
stimulation of human peripheral nerve and motor cortex. In Chokroverty S (Ed), Magnetic
Stimulation in Clinical Neurophysiology. Boston: Butterworths, 275-288, 1989.
- Meyer BU, Britton TC, et al. Coil placement in magnetic brain stimulation related to
skull and brain anatomy. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1991;81:38-46.
- Nakamura H, Kitagawa H, et al. Intracortical facilitation and inhibition after paired
magnetic stimulation in humans under anaesthesia. Neurosci 1995;199:155-157.
- Nielsen JF. A new high-frequency magnetic stimulator with an oil-cooled coil. J Clin
Neurophysiol 1995;12:460-467.
- Pascual-Leone A, Cohen LG, Hallett M. Demonstration of cortical plasticity in humans
with non-invasive transcranial stimulation. TINS 1992;15:13-14.
- Pascual-Leone A, Valls-Solé J, et al. Responses to rapid-rate transcranial magnetic
stimulation of the human motor cortex. Brain 1991;117:847-858.
- Ravazzani P, Ruohonen J, Grandori F. Magnetic stimulation of peripheral nerves:
computation of the induced electric fields in a cylinder-like structure. Adv Eng Soft
1995;22:29-35.
- Ravazzani P, Ruohonen J, Grandori F, Tognola G. Magnetic stimulation of the nervous
system: induced electric field in unbounded, semi-infinite, spherical, and cylindrical
media. Ann Biomed Eng 1996;24:606-616.
- Ren CY. A novel electric design for electromagnetic stimulation - the slinky coil.
Biomed Eng 1995;42:918-925.
- Rosen AD, Lubowsky J. Magnetic field influence on central nervous system function. Exp
Neurol 1987;95:679-687.
- Roth BJ, Saypol JM, Hallett M, Cohen LG. A theoretical calculation of the electric field
induced in the cortex during magnetic stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol
81:47-56.
- Roth BJ, Cohen LG, Hallett M. The electric field induced during magnetic stimulation.
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 1991;43:268-78.
- Roth BJ, Cohen LG, Hallett M, Friauf W, Basser PJ. A theoretical calculation of the
electric field induced by magnetic stimulation of the peripheral nerve. Muscle and Nerve
1991;13:734-741.
- Roth BJ, Cohen LG, Hallett M, Friauf W, Basser PJ. A theoretical calculation of the
electric field induced in the cortex during magnetic stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin
Neurophysiol 1991;81:47-56.
- Roth BJ. Mechanisms for electrical stimulation of excitable tissue (review). Biomed Eng
1994;22:253-305.
- Ruohonen J, Panizza M, Nilsson J, Ravazzani P, Grandori F, Tognola G. Transverse-field
activation mechanism in magnetic stimulation of peripheral nerves. Electroencephalog Clin
Neurophysiol 1996;101:167-174.
- Ruohonen J, Ravazzani P, Grandori F. An analytical model to predict electric field and
excitation zones due to magnetic stimulation of peripheral nerves inside limbs. IEEE Trans
Biomed Eng 1995;42:158-161.
- Ruohonen J, Panizza M, Nilsson J, Ravazzani P, Grandori F: A new hypothesis on the
activation mechanism in magnetic stimulation of peripheral nerve. Electroenceph and Clin
Neurophys 1996;101:167-174.
- Ruohonen J, Ravazzani P, Nilsson J, Panizza M, Grandori F, Tognola G. A
volume-conduction analysis of magnetic stimulation of peripheral nerves. IEEE Trans Biomed
Eng 1996;43:669-678.
- Ruohonen J, Ravazzani P, Tognola G, Grandori F. Modeling peripheral nerve stimulation
using magnetic fields. J Periph Nerv Sys (in press).
- Saypol JM, Roth BJ, Cohen LG, Hallett M. A theoretical comparison of electric and
magnetic stimulation of the brain. Ann Biomed Eng 1991;19:317-328.
- Shafran B, Maccabee PJ, et al. Spectamine imaging of cerebral blood flow during
voluntary movement and focal stimulation of motor cortex with magnetic coil. Soc Neurosci
Abstr 1989, 15:314.12.
- Tofts PS, Branston NM. The measurement of electric field, and the influence of surface
charge, in magnetic stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1991;81:238-239.
- Triggs WJ, Macdonell RA, et al. Motor inhibition and excitation are independent effects
of magnetic cortical stimulation. Ann Neurol 1992;32:345-351.
- Vanderkamp W, Zwinderman AH, et al. Cortical excitability and response variability of
transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Clin Neurophysiol 1996;13:164-171.
Clinical neurological and psychiatric applications
- Ammon K, Gandevia SC. Transcranial magnetic stimulation can influence the selection of
motor programmes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990;53:705-707.
- Belmaker RH. The effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation of rat brain on behavioural
models of depression. Brain Res 1995;699:130-132.
- Blond S, Caparros-Lefebvre D, et al. Control of tremor and involuntary movement
disorders by chronic sterotactic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus.
J Neurosurg 1992;77:62-68.
- Brasil-Neto JP, Cohen LG, Hallett M. Central fatigue as revealed by postexercise
depression of motor evoked potentials: is it caused by depletion of synaptic
neurotransmitter stores? Muscle and Nerve 1994;17:713-19.
- Brasil-Neto JP, Pascual-Leone A, Valls-Solé J, Cammarota A, Cohen LG, Hallett M.
Postexercise depression of motor evoked potentials: a measure of central nervous system
fatigue. Exp Brain Res 1993;93:181-184.
- Brasil-Neto J, Valls-Solé J, Pascual-Leone A, Camarota A, Amassian VE, Cracco R,
Maccabee P, Cracco J, Hallett M, Cohen LG. Rapid modulation of human cortical motor
outputs following ischemic nerve block. Brain 1993;116:511-525.
- Britton TC, Thompson PD et al. Modulation of postural wrist tremors by magnetic
stimulatiion of the motor cortex in patients with Parkinson's disease or essential tremor
and in normal subjects mimicking tremor. Ann Neurol 1993;33:473-479.
- Catalá MD, Rubio B, Pascual-Leone A. Lateralized effect of rapid-rate transcranial
stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on depression. Neurology 1996;46:S28.005.
- Chugani HT, Pascual-Leone A, et al. Preoperative assessment of motor plasticity using
transcranial magnetic stimulation in children with intractable epilepsy. Neurology
1993;43:999S,A418.
- Cohen LG, Bandinelli S, Findley TW, Hallett M. Reorganization in the map of motor cortex
outputs after upper limb amputation in humans: a study with focal magnetic stimulation.
Brain 1991;114:615-627.
- Cohen LG, Hallett M. Methodology for noninvasive mapping of human motor cortex with
electrical stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988;69:403-11.
- Cohen LG, Hallett M. Noninvasive mapping of human motor cortex. Neurology 1988;38:904-9.
- Cohen LG, Meer J, Tarkka I, Bierner S, Lederman D, Dubinsky R, Sanes J, Jabbari B,
Branscum B, Hallett M. Congenital mirror movements: abnormal organization of motor
pathways in two patients. Brain 1991;114:381-403.
- Ellaway PH, Davey NJ, et al. The relation between bradykinesia and excitability of the
motor cortex assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation in normal and parkinsonian
subjects. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1995;97:169-178.
- Fleischmann A, Prolov K, et al. The effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation of rat
brain on behavioural models of depression. Brain Res 1995;699:130-132.
- Fuhr P, Cohen LG, Roth BJ, Hallett M. Latency of motor evoked potentials to focal
transcranial stimulation varies as a function of scalp positions stimulated.
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1991;81:81-89.
- George MS, Wassermann EM. Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation and ECT. Convuls
Ther 1994;10:251-254.
- George MS, Wassermann EM, et al. Daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
(rTMS) improves mood in depression. Neuroreport 1995;6:1853-1856.
- George MS, Wassermann EM, Williams WA, Steppel J, Pascual-Leone A, Basser P, Hallett M,
Post RM. Changes in mood and hormone levels after rapid-rate transcranial magnetic
stimulation (rTMS) of the prefrontal cortex. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci,
1996;8:172-180.
- Grisaru N, Yarovslavsky U et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression and
schizophrenia. Poster Session. Abstracts of VIIth Congress of European College of
Neuropsychopharmacology, 1994.
- Hoflich G, Kasper S, et al. Application of transcranial magnetic stimulation in
treatment of drug-resistant major depression - a report of two cases. Hum Psychopharm
1993;8:361-365.
- Hufnagel A, Elger CE, et al. Activation of the epileptic focus by transcranial magnetic
stimulation of the human brain. Ann Neurol 1990;27:49-60.
- Jennum P, Friberg L, et al. Speech localization using repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation. Neurology 1994;44:269-273.
- Johansson K, Lindgren I, et al. Can sensory stimulation improve the functional outcome
in stroke patients? Neurology 1993;43:2189-2192.
- Kolbinger HM, Hoflich G, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the treatment
of major depression - a pilot study. Hum Psychopharm 1995;10:305-310.
- Ludlow CL, Yeh J, Cohen LG, Van Pelt F, Rhew K, Hallett M. Limitations in
electromyography and magnetic stimulation for assessing laryngeal muscle control. Annals
of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 1994;103:16-26.
- Mathis J, deQuervain D, Hess CW. The silent period following cortically evoked motor
potentials in humans: influences of the experimental set-up.
- Nielsen JF, Klemar B, Hansen JH. A new treatment of spasticity with repetitive magnetic
stimulation in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995;254-255.
- Nirkko AC, Rösler KM, Ozdoba C, Heid O, Schroth G, Hess CW. Pathophysiology of mirror
movements: combined evaluation using transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional MRI.
- Pascual-Leone A, Reorganisation of cortical motor outputs in the acquisition of new
motor skills. Electromyography and Motor Control 1995; 94: WS- 3-2
- Pascual-Leone A, Alonso M, et al. Lasting beneficial effect of rapid-rate transcranial
magnetic stimulation on slowness in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1995;45:550P,A315.
- Pascual-Leone A, Catalá MD, Pascual APL. Lateralized effect of rapid-rate
transcranial magnetic stimulation of the prefrontal cortex on mood. Neurology 1996. In
press.
- Pascual-Leone A, Cohen LG, Brasil-Neto J, Hallett M. Noninvasive differentiation of
motor cortical representation of hand muscles by mapping of optimal current directions.
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1994;93:42-48.
- Pascual-Leone A, Cohen LG, Brasil-Neto J, Hallett M. Differentiation of sensorimotor
neuronal structures responsible for induction of motor evoked potentials, attenuation in
detection of somatosensory stimuli, and induction of sensation of movement by mapping of
optimal current directions. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1994;93:230- 236.
- Pascual-Leone A, Rubio B, Pallardo, Catalá D. Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic
stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in drug-resistant depression. The
Lancet, 1996;348:233-237.
- Pascual-Leone A, Valls-Solé J, Brasil-Neto J, Cohen LG, Hallett M. Akinesia in
Parkinson's disease Part 1: Shortening of simple reaction time with focal, single-pulse
transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology 1994;44:884-891.
- Pascual-Leone A, Valls-Solé J, et al. Akinesia in Parkinson's disease. II Effects of
subthreshold repetitive transcranial motor cortex stimulation. Neurology 1994;44:892-898.
- Pascual-Leone A, Valls-Solé J, et al. Resetting of essential tremor and postural
tremor in Parkinson's Disease with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Muscle & Nerve
1994;17:800-807.
- Reutens DC, Puce A, Berkovic SF. Cortical hyperexcitability in progressive myoclonus
epilepsy: A study with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology 1993;43:186-192.
- Ridding MC, Inzelberg R, Rothwell JC. Changes in excitability of motor cortical
circuitry in patients with Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1995;37:181-188.
- Ruohonen J, Ravazzani P, Ilmoniemi RJ, Galardi G, Nilsson J, Panizza M, Amadio S,
Grandori F, and Comi G: Motor cortex mapping with combined MEG and magnetic stimulation.
In: Functional Neuroscience. Eds. C Barber, G Celesia, GC Comi, F Mauguière. Amsterdam:
Elsevier Science. Electroenceph and Clin Neurophys (Suppl. 46) 1996:319-324.
- Uthman BM, Wilder BJ, et al. Treatment of epilepsy by stimulation of the vagus nerve.
Neurology 1993;43:1338-1345.
- Wassermann EM, Fuhr P, Cohen LG, Hallett M. Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation
on ipsilateral muscles. Neurology 1991;41:1795-1799.
- Wassermann EM, McShane LM, Hallett M, Cohen LG. Noninvasive mapping of muscle
representations in human motor cortex. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1992;85:1-8.
- Wassermann EM, Sadato N, Steppel JH, et al. Comparison of transcranial magnetic
stimulation mapping and PET in a subcortical stroke. Neurology 1994;44:582S,A272.
- Wassermann EM, Wang BS, et al. Locating the motor cortex on the MRI with transcranial
magnetic stimulation and PET. Neuroimage 1996;3:1-9.
- Williams WA, Steppel J, et al. Rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in
prefrontal cortex: mood and neurendocrine effects. Neurology 1995;4568P,A178.
- Zyss T. Deep magnetic brain stimulation - the end of psychiatric electroshock therapy?
Medical Hypotheses 1994;43:69-74.
Sensory, behavioural and cognitive effects
- Amassian VE, Cracco RQ, et al. Suppression of visual perception by magnetic coil
stimulation of human occipital cortex. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol
1989;74:458-462.
- Baylis G, Rafal R, Driver J. Visual extinction and stimulus repetition. J Cog Neurosci
1993;5:453-466.
- Beckers G, Zeki S. The consequences of inactivating areas V1 and V5 on visual motion
perception. Brain 1995;118:49-60.
- Brasil-Neto JP, Pascual-Leone A, Valls-Solé J, Cohen LG, Hallett M. Focal
transcranial magnetic stimulation and response bias in a forced-choice task. J Neurol
Neurosurg Psychtry 1992;55:964-966.
- Claus D Weis M, Treig T, et al. Influence of repetitive magnetic stimuli on verbal
comprehension. J Neurology 1993;240:149-150.
- Cohen LG, Bandinelli S, Sato S, Kufta C, Hallett M. Attenuation in detection of
somatosensory stimuli by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin
Neurophysiol 1991;81:366-376.
- Cohen LG, Topka H, Cole R, Hallett M. Leg paresthesias induced by magnetic brain
stimulation in patients with thoracic spinal cord injury. Neurology 1991;41:1283-1287.
- Day Bl, Rothwell JC, et al. Delay in the execution of voluntary movement by electrical
or magnetic stimulation in intact man. Brain 1989;112:649-663.
- Grafman J, Pascual-Leone A, Alway D, et al. Induction of recall deficits in a verbal
memory task by left temporal and dorsofrontal rapid-rate transcranial stimulation.
Neurology 1993;43:545P,A421.
- Grafman J, Pascual-Leone A, et al. Induction of a recall deficit by rapid-rate
transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clin Neurosci Neuropsychol 1994;5:1157-1160.
- Kujirai T, Sato M, Rothwell JC, Cohen LG. The effect of transcranial magnetic
stimulation on median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials in man. Electroencephalogr
Clin Neurophysiol 1993;89:227-234.
- Müri RM, Rosler KM, Hess CW. Influence of transcranial magnetic stimulation on the
execution of memorised sequences of saccades in man. Exp Brain Res 1994;101:521-524.
- Müri RM, Vermersch AI, Rivaud S, Gaymard B, Pierrot-Deseilligny C.Different
influences of transcranial magnetic stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex and
prefrontal cortex on the performance of memory-guided saccades.
- Olson JD, Li J, Anand S, Hotson JR. Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation
delivered focally over frontal cortex evokes saccades. Neurology 1996;46:S44.006.
- Pascual-Leone A, Brasil-Neto J, Valls-Solé J, Cohen LG, Hallett M. Simple reaction
time to focal transcranial stimulation: comparison with reaction time to acoustic, visual,
and somatosensory stimuli. Brain 1992;115:109-122.
- Pascual-Leone A, Cammarotta A, Wassermann EM, Brasil-Neto J, Cohen LG, Hallett M.
Modulation of cortical motor outputs to the reading hand of Braille readers. Ann Neurol
1993;34:33-37.
- Pascual-Leone A, Cohen LG, et al. The role of the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the
coordination of bimanual movements. Neurology 1994;44:803S,A329.
- Pascual-Leone A, Comez-Tortosa E, et al. Induction of visual extinction by rapid rate
transcranial magnetic stimulation of parietal lobe. Neurology 1994;44:494-498.
- Pascual-Leone A, Gates JR, Dhuna A. Induction of speech arrest and counting errors with
rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology 1991;41:697-702.
- Pascual-Leone A, Grafman J et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the study of
human cognitive function. In:Sugishita M (Ed), New Horizons in Neuropsychology
1994:93-100.
- Pascual-Leone A, Grafman J, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation: a new tool for the
study of higher cognitive functions in humans. In: Boller F and Grafman J (Eds). Handbook
of Neuropsychology 1994.
- Pascual-Leone A, Hallett M. Induction of errors in a delayed response task by repetitive
transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Neuroreport
1994;5:2517-2520.
- Pascual-Leone A, Torres F. Plasticity of the sensorimotor cortex representation of the
reading finger in Braille readers. Brain 1993;116:39-52.
- Pascual-Leone A, Valls-Solé J, Wassermann EM, Brasil-Neto J, Cohen LG, Hallett M.
Effects of focal transcranial magnetic stimulation on simple reaction time to acoustic,
visual, and somatosensory stimuli. Brain 1992;115:1045-1059.
- Pascual-Leone A, Wassermann EM, et al. The role of reading activity on the modulation of
motor cortical outputs to the reading hand in braille readers. Ann Neurol 1995;38:910-915.
- Pascual-Leone A, Wassermann EM, et al. The role of the dorosolateral prefrontal cortex
in implicit procedural learning. Exp Brain Res 1996;107:479-485.
- Takayama Y, Sugishita M. Astereopsis induced by repetitive magnetic stimulation of
occipital cortex. J Neurology 1994a;241:522-525.
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cognitive function. New Horizons in Neuropsychology. M Sugishita Ed. 1994b;101-112.
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magnetic stimulation results in delay of voluntary movement. Electroencephalogr Clin
Neurophysiol 1995;97:341-348.
- Tombert C. Differential voluntary programming of fingers extensor commands revealed by
non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human brain. Neurosci Lett
1995;185:41-43.
- Wang H, Wang X, Scheich H. LTD and LTP induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in
auditory cortex. Neuroreport 1996;7:521-525.
Physiology
- Amassian VE, Quirk GJ, Stewart M. A comparison of cortico-spinal activation by magnetic
coil and electrical stimulation of monkey motor cortex. Electroencephalogr Clin
Neurophysiol 1990;77:390-401.
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transcranial magnetic stimulation in the macaque monkey. J Physiol 1995;488:795-801.
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transcranial magnetic stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol: Electromyogr
Motor Contr 1995;97:264-274.
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response enhahncement by combined magnetoelectrical technique. J Neurosurg
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regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at
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of retest reliability. Electromyog Motor Contr 1995;94:PS-10-1.
- Fuhr P, Cohen LG, Dang N, Findley TW, Haghighi S, Oro J, Hallett M. Physiological
analysis of motor reorganization following lower limb amputation. Electroencephalogr Clin
Neurophysiol 1992;85:53-60.
- R. J. Ilmoniemi, J. Virtanen, J. Ruohonen, J. Karhu, H. J. Aronen, R. Näätänen,
and T. Katila. Neuronal responses to magnetic stimulation reveal cortical reactivity and
connectivity. NeuroReport 1997;8:3537-3540.
- Jennum P, Winkel H, Fuglsang-Frederiksen A. Repetitive magnetic stimulation and motor
evoked potentials. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1995;97:96-101.
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cortex: studies of perception. Magnetic Motor Stimulation: Basic Principles and Clinical
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magnetic field. Am J Physiol 1911;29:124-136.
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magnetic stimulation in dystonia. Neurology 1994;44:301P,A203.
- Mercuri B, Samii A, Grissom J, et al. Effects of the stimulation of the frontal cortex
of spinal reflexes. Neurology 1994;44:300P,A202.
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stimulation. Muscle & Nerve 1994;17:1464-1465.
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U. Investigations on the organisation and function of the human motor system by
transcranial magnetic brain stimulation.
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on single human spinal motoneurones. Trends Neurosci 1991;14:401-405.
- Mills KR, Thomson CCB. Human muscle fatigue investigated by transcranial magnetic
stimulation. Neuroreport 1995;6:1966-1968.
- Pascual-Leone A, Dang N, Cohen LG, Brasil-Neto JP, Cammarota A, Hallett M. Modulation of
human cortical motor outputs during the acquisition of new fine motor skills. J
Neurophysiol 1995;74:1037-1045.
- Olivier E, Bawa P, Lemon RN. Excitability of human upper limb motoneurones during
rhythmic discharge tested with transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Physiol
1995;485:257-269.
- Nilsson J, Panizza M, Roth BJ, Basser PJ, Cohen LG, Caruso G, Hallett M: Determination
of the site of stimulation during magnetic stimulation of a peripheral nerve.
Electroenceph and Clin Neurophys 1992;85:253-264.
- Nilsson J, Panizza M, Roth BJ, Basser PJ, Cohen LG, Caruso G, Hallett M: Electric and
magnetic stimulation of human peripheral nerves. In: Proc VI Mediterranean Conf Med Biol
Eng, M. Bracale and F. Denoth, Eds., Capri, Italy, pp. 413-416, 1992.
- Panizza M, Nilsson J, Roth BJ, Basser PJ, Hallett M: Relevance of stimulus duration for
activation of motor and sensory fibers: implications for the study of H-reflexes and
magnetic stimulation. Electroenceph and Clin Neurophys, Electromyography & Motor
Control. 1992;85:22-30.
- Panizza M, Nilsson J, Roth BJ, Rothwell JC, Hallett M: The time constants of motor and
sensory peripheral nerve fibers measured with the method of latent addition. Electroenceph
and Clin Neurophys 1994;93:147-154.
- Ruohonen J, Ravazzani P, Ilmoniemi RJ, Galardi G, Nilsson J, Panizza M, Amadio S,
Grandori F, Comi G. Motor cortex mapping with combined MEG and magnetic stimulation. In:
Functional Neuroscience. Eds. Barber C, Celesia G, Comi GC, Mauguière F. Amsterdam:
Elsevier Science. Electroencephalog Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 1996;46:319-324.
- Sander D, Meyer B-U, et al. Effect of hemisphere-selective repetitive magnetic brain
stimulation on middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity. Electroencephalogr Clin
Neurophysiol 1995;97:43-48.
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during human muscle fatigue. J Physiol 1996;490:519-528.
- Taylor JL, Fogel W, Day BL, Rothwell JC. Ipsilateral cortical stimulation inhibited the
long-latency response to stretch in the long finger flexors in humans. J Physiol
1995;488:821-831.
- Thompson PD, Day BL, et al. Intra-operative recording of motor tract potentials at the
cervico-medullary junction following scalp electrical and magnetic stimulation of the
motor cortex. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991;54:618-623.
- Topka H, Cohen LG, Cole R, and Hallett M. Reorganization of corticospinal pathways
following spinal cord injury. Neurology 1991;41:1276-1282.
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of the inhibitory and excitatory responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation in a hand
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function in a monkey model. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1995;97:140-144.
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Safety
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magnetic stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1995;94:19-25.
- Cohen LG, Hallett M. Cortical stimulation does not cause short term changes in the EEG.
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- Counter SA, Borg E, et al. Hearing loss from the acoustic artifact of the coil used in
extracranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology 1990;40:1159-1162.
- Dhuna A, Gates J, Pascual-Leone A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with
epilepsy. Neurology 1991;41:1067-1071.
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on cortical activity, cortical blood flow, blood pressure and heart rate in the cat: an
evaluation of safety. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990;53:507-513.
- Gates JR, Dhuna A, Pascual-Leone A. Lack of pathologic changes in human temporal lobes
after transcranial magnetic stimulation. Epilepsia 1992;33:504-508.
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stimulation in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 1994;18:167-73.
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Lack of evidence for auditory dysfunction due to transcranial magnetic stimulation in
humans. Neurology 1992;42:647-651.
- Pascual-Leone A, Dhuna A, Roth BJ, Cohen LG, Hallett M. The danger of causing burns
during rapid-rate magnetic stimulation in the presence of electrodes. Lancet
1990;336:1195- 1196.
- Pascual-Leone A, Houser C, Reese K, Shotland L, Grafman J, Sato S, Valls-Solé J,
Brasil-Neto J, Wassermann EM, Cohen L, Hallett M. Safety of rapid-rate transcranial
magnetic stimulation in normal volunteers. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol
1993;89:120-130.
- Pascual-Leone A, Valls-Solé J, Brasil-Neto J, Cohen L, Hallett M. Seizure induction
and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Lancet 1992;339:997.
- Roth BJ, Pascual-Leone A, Cohen LG, Hallett M. The heating of metal electrodes during
rapid-rate magnetic stimulation: a possible safety hazard. Electroencephalogr Clin
Neurophysiol 1992;85:116-123.
- Tassinari CA, Michelucci R, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in epileptic
patients: Usefulness and safety. Neurology 1990;40:1132-1133.
- Wassermann EM, Cohen LG, et al. Seizures in normal subjects with repeated
"safe" trains of transcranial magnetic stimuli. Lancet 1996;347:825-826.
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